Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes via CaMKK-AMPK pathways

Do Yeon Kim, Hai-Dan Yuan, Bo Huang, Hai-Yan Quan, Sung Hyun Chung

                                                                                          

Abstract

Based upon preliminary study showing stimulation of glucose uptake by 20(R)-Rg₃, a stereoisomer of 20(S)-Rg₃ ginsenoside found in red ginseng, we investigated the action mechanism of 20(R)-Rg₃ in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. It was found that 20(R)-Rg₃ stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 20(R)-Rg₃ phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Ca²⁺/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. In the meantime, 20(R)-Rg₃-induced glucose uptake and translocation of GLUT4 were attenuated in the presence of compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or STO-609 (a CaMKK inhibitor). Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that 20(R)-Rg₃ stimulated the glucose uptake via translocation of GLUT4 and this effect was seemed to be mediated by CaMKK-AMPK pathways in C2C12 myotubes.

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Keywords :20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 ,glucose uptake ,C2C12 myotube ,AMP-activated protein kinase ,Ca2+/Calmodulindependent protein kinase kinase.